'-ed' and /-ɪd/

In an earlier post (see here) I wrote about the pron of <-ed> in aged. As you know there are many more words ending in <-ed>. The pronunciation of many of these words is rule-governed and the rule is fairly simple. I'm talking about the so-called regular past (participle) tense form of verbs such as
hate, love, seize. Here we have three allomorphs which are phonologically conditioned: The final phoneme of the verb in its infinitival form decides upon the correct allomorph. If the verb ends in an alveolar plosive, we add /ɪd/ as in hate. With final voiced sounds other than alveolar plosives we add /-d/, otherwise /-t/. So far, so easy.
But there are a few adjectives with final <-ed> most of which require the pronunciation /ɪd/ or /əd/ (I may not have dug up all):

1. aged
2. beloved
3. blessed
4. cragged
5. crooked
6. cursed
7. cussed
8. deuced
9. dogged
10. jagged
11. learned
12. -legged, legged³
13. naked
14. ragged³
15. reserved
16. rugged
17. sacred
18. wicked
19. winged (sense: having wings)
20. wretched 

Here are some sample phrases and sentences illustrating their verbal (= 2nd column) and nominal² (= 4th column) use.

1	he aged quickly, she's aged 12	-->	my aged grandma
2	I was beloved again	-->	my beloved daughter
3	he blessed them	-->	the Blessed Virgin Mary
4	??	-->	what a cragged stone
5	its horns crooked backwards	-->	a crooked nose
6	she cursed her fate	-->	she's a cursed woman
7	the witch cussed him	-->	what a cussed day
8	planes are deuced by some people	-->	don't be so deuced obstinate
9	he dogged her footsteps	-->	their dogged resistance
10	he jagged his hand	-->	Cornwall's jagged coast
11	I've never learned this	-->	my learned friend
12	I got on my toes and legged it	-->	he sat cross-legged on a stool
13	??	-->	she was stark naked
14	??	-->	men in ragged clothes
15	he reserved two seats	-->	go fetch the reserved tickets
16	she ragged him mercilessly about his sex life	-->	a land of rugged mountains
17	??	-->	our chapel is a sacred place
18	??	-->	she is a wicked person
19	the bird winged back and forth	-->	Pegasus is a winged horse
20	??	-->	he made the wretched happy

 

What about their pronunciations?

			pronunciation(s)1
1  aged	'of a particular age'  'old'	-->	eɪdʒd ˈeɪdʒɪd
2  beloved		-->	bɪˈlʌvɪd, bɪˈlʌvd
3  blessed		-->	ˈblesɪd
4  cragged		-->	ˈkraɡɪd
5  crooked	'not straight'  'having a crook'	-->	ˈkrʊkɪd  krʊkt
6  cursed		-->	'kɜːsɪd, kɜːst
7  cussed		-->	'kʌsɪd
8  deuced		-->	'djuːsɪd, djuːst
9  dogged		-->	'dɒgɪd
10 jagged		-->	'ʤagɪd
11 learned		-->	'lɜːnɪd
12 -legged		-->	'legɪd
13 naked		-->	'neɪkɪd
14 ragged		-->	'ragɪd
15 reserved		-->	rɪ'zɜːvd
16 rugged		-->	'rʌgɪd
17 sacred		-->	'seɪkrɪd
18 wicked		-->	'wɪkɪd
19 winged		-->	wɪŋd, 'wɪŋɪd (= poetic)
20 wretched		-->	'reʧɪd

Things are getting even more complicated because some of these adjectives have a parallel adverbial form, e.g. reserved -> reservedly. More on those in a later post.
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¹ based on LPD3 and CPD18 (if listed at all); /æ/ -> /a/; the reference accent is GB.
² nominal = adjectival and substantival
³ My thanks go to John Maidment for drawing my attention to these two verbs. The sentences were pinched from various sources.

'playstation' by phonetic transformation becomes a fish&chips shop

What will become of a playstation if and when you manipulate it phonetically in the following way:
1. apply pre-fortis clipping to the first diphthong;
2. lengthen the duration of /s/ (need not be done in fluent utterance)?

Postscript: What is now a 'Plaice Station' once was the Padgate Railway Station. The station building is unstaffed now and part of it is used by this fish&chip shop.

© Copyright JThomas and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence

wʊlfgæŋ æmədeɪəs ...

... no, not exactly! But almost.

credit: www.mowsart.co.uk